1Uninsulated solid walls: EPC D
Poor insulation or an EPC E–G rating can mean higher heating bills.
Read the full certificate and ask about insulation and heating costs.
11 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER
Last sale£322,000Apr 2004 · HM Land Registry
If it moved with Ealing terrace prices£864,000Aug 2026 · UK HPI
Surface water floodingVery low
EnergyEPC DNov 2010
MapN ↑119 m ↔
Before you offer
1 thing to check
＋ Flood risk very low · Outside coal high-risk area · Not in a higher-radon area
Not covered here yet: conservation area, listed buildings nearby, article 4 direction, tree protection, road noise, rail noise, airport noise. Your conveyancer’s local search covers the planning checks.
Prepare for a viewing ↓Saved privately on this devicePrice
If it moved with Ealing terrace prices
£864,000
How does the asking price compare?
This home’s sale history
| Sold | Price | Type | Tenure | Record |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 2004 | £322,000 | Terraced | Freehold | A |
| Feb 1999 | £172,500 | Terraced | Freehold | A |
Street sales
Same type and tenure, other homes in the last 36 months: £869,000 · 3 sales
| Address | Sold | Price | Type | Tenure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18A Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 2026 | £432,000 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 15A Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Apr 2025 | £413,500 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 79 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Oct 2024 | £850,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 23 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Sep 2024 | £869,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 131 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Mar 2024 | £904,000 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 123 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Feb 2024 | £880,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 97 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Oct 2023 | £732,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 42 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Mar 2023 | £750,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
Show all 185
| Address | Sold | Price | Type | Tenure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Mar 2022 | £855,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 93 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Dec 2021 | £700,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 51 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Sep 2021 | £800,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 36 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Sep 2021 | £770,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 12 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Sep 2021 | £870,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 113 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | May 2021 | £810,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 26 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Apr 2021 | £725,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 31 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Oct 2020 | £735,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 85 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Sep 2020 | £715,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 18A Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Apr 2020 | £375,000 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 16 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jan 2020 | £750,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 131 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jan 2020 | £749,000 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 95 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Dec 2019 | £665,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 97 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Sep 2019 | £655,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 117 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | May 2019 | £699,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 32 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Feb 2019 | £672,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 44 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Dec 2018 | £784,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 107 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Oct 2018 | £825,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 5 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Mar 2018 | £695,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 31 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Feb 2018 | £715,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 12 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Dec 2017 | £730,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 24 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Mar 2017 | £690,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 45 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Oct 2016 | £845,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 47 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Jul 2016 | £722,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 40 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jan 2016 | £769,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 59 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Nov 2015 | £690,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 49 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Nov 2015 | £680,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 15A Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Aug 2015 | £357,000 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 123 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Dec 2014 | £760,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 14 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Nov 2014 | £690,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 79 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Nov 2014 | £690,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 45 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Oct 2014 | £740,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 95 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Sep 2014 | £635,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 26 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Mar 2014 | £635,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 111 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jan 2014 | £558,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 76 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Oct 2013 | £585,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 107 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jul 2013 | £555,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 91 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jun 2013 | £570,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 113 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Sep 2012 | £445,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 51 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Jun 2012 | £450,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 66 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | May 2012 | £465,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 40 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jan 2012 | £438,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 123 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jul 2011 | £452,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 56 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | May 2011 | £426,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 114 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Apr 2011 | £450,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 116 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jul 2010 | £410,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 64A Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jun 2010 | £218,000 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 62 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jun 2010 | £418,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 30 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Nov 2009 | £382,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 16 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Sep 2009 | £355,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 80 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jun 2009 | £350,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 44 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | May 2009 | £350,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 32 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Apr 2009 | £360,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 31 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Mar 2009 | £340,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 113 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Dec 2008 | £378,333 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 129 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Sep 2008 | £360,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 26 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 2008 | £409,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 97 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Apr 2008 | £420,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 93 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Mar 2008 | £385,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 74 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Feb 2008 | £385,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 14 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Nov 2007 | £398,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 114 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Nov 2007 | £427,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 4 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Sep 2007 | £435,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 36 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 2007 | £460,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 127 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | May 2007 | £425,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 114 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Apr 2007 | £386,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 18A Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Mar 2007 | £237,499 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 91 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jan 2007 | £385,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 45 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Nov 2006 | £372,000 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 30 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Aug 2006 | £342,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 97 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Aug 2006 | £350,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 66 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jul 2006 | £374,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 72 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jul 2006 | £332,000 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 62 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Mar 2006 | £360,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 106 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jan 2006 | £317,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 125 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Sep 2005 | £285,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 111 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Sep 2005 | £292,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 90 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Sep 2005 | £320,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 32 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Aug 2005 | £335,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 80 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Aug 2005 | £318,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 114 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jul 2005 | £315,250 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 44 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 2005 | £310,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 108 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Mar 2005 | £305,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 31 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Jan 2005 | £310,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 5 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Dec 2004 | £315,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 23 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Nov 2004 | £339,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 97 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Sep 2004 | £270,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 79 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Aug 2004 | £325,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 42 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jun 2004 | £310,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 86 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | May 2004 | £315,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 11 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Apr 2004 | £322,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 51 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Apr 2004 | £267,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 85 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jan 2004 | £290,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 45 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Nov 2003 | £312,000 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 91 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Sep 2003 | £277,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 18A Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Sep 2003 | £178,500 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 28 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 2003 | £250,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 40 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 2003 | £293,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 111 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | May 2003 | £249,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 44 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | May 2003 | £270,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 24 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jan 2003 | £319,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 117 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Nov 2002 | £290,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 131 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Aug 2002 | £273,900 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 47 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Aug 2002 | £289,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 66 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Aug 2002 | £249,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 24 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 2002 | £219,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 123 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jun 2002 | £269,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 59 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | May 2002 | £263,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 38 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Apr 2002 | £200,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 107 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Nov 2001 | £232,000 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 94 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Oct 2001 | £212,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 72 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Oct 2001 | £227,000 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 59 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Oct 2001 | £190,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 116 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Aug 2001 | £237,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 41 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Jul 2001 | £235,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 86 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jul 2001 | £246,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 64A Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jul 2001 | £140,000 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 5 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Jul 2001 | £222,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 113 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jun 2001 | £212,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 127 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jun 2001 | £230,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 31 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | May 2001 | £230,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 23 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | May 2001 | £245,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 91 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | May 2001 | £227,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 45 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Apr 2001 | £210,000 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 86 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Apr 2001 | £178,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 26 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Mar 2001 | £211,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 79 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Feb 2001 | £205,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 80 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Aug 2000 | £235,250 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 108 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Aug 2000 | £235,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 114 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Apr 2000 | £234,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 40 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Feb 2000 | £200,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 32 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 1999 | £198,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 90 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jun 1999 | £189,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 131 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Apr 1999 | £163,000 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 44 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Apr 1999 | £170,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 85 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Feb 1999 | £157,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 11 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Feb 1999 | £172,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 90 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jan 1999 | £110,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 117 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Dec 1998 | £167,750 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 47 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Oct 1998 | £162,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 36 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Sep 1998 | £162,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 88 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Sep 1998 | £156,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 64 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Sep 1998 | £97,000 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 32 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Sep 1998 | £164,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 15A Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Aug 1998 | £95,000 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 28 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 1998 | £157,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 49 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Jun 1998 | £161,750 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 64 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Mar 1998 | £93,000 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 30 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jan 1998 | £151,500 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 5 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Dec 1997 | £150,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 27 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Nov 1997 | £80,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 64A Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Oct 1997 | £73,000 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 12 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Oct 1997 | £149,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 85 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Sep 1997 | £85,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 65 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Aug 1997 | £149,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 6 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 1997 | £80,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 56 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jul 1997 | £159,950 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 107 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jun 1997 | £137,500 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 76 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Apr 1997 | £132,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 95 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Dec 1996 | £119,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 55 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Oct 1996 | £94,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 118 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Aug 1996 | £92,750 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 23 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | May 1996 | £89,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 123 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Apr 1996 | £94,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 16 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Apr 1996 | £109,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 98 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Mar 1996 | £95,000 | Semi-detached | Freehold |
| 106 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Feb 1996 | £108,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 97 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Jan 1996 | £41,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 64 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Jan 1996 | £60,000 | Flat / maisonette | Leasehold |
| 52 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Oct 1995 | £77,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 62 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Sep 1995 | £94,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 122 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ET | Aug 1995 | £108,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 79 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Aug 1995 | £95,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 113 Hessel Road, London, W13 9EU | Aug 1995 | £85,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 32 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Mar 1995 | £106,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 40 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ES | Jan 1995 | £105,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
| 47 Hessel Road, London, W13 9ER | Jan 1995 | £105,000 | Terraced | Freehold |
The land
＋ Flood risk very low · Outside coal high-risk area · Not in a higher-radon area
Not covered here yet: conservation area, listed buildings nearby, article 4 direction, tree protection. Your conveyancer’s local search covers the planning checks.
View building and land map ↑The building
Uninsulated solid walls: EPC D
Poor insulation or an EPC E–G rating can mean higher heating bills.
Read the full certificate and ask about insulation and heating costs.
- Floor area
- 121 m²
- Potential EPC band
- D
- Age band
- England and Wales: 1900-1929
- Walls (certificate wording)
- Solid brick, as built, no insulation (assumed)
- Roof (certificate wording)
- Pitched, no insulation (assumed)
- Windows (certificate wording)
- Fully double glazed
- Heating (certificate wording)
- Boiler and radiators, mains gas
- Building height
- Unavailable
Living
Broadband in the area
Postcode residential gigabit coverage: 100%
Full fibre in the local authority: 71.4%
Schools nearby
- Fielding Primary SchoolPrimary · 471 m · School remains Outstanding
- Oaklands Primary SchoolPrimary · 708 m · Outstanding
- St John's Primary SchoolPrimary · 780 m · Outstanding
- Insights Independent School829 m
- Elthorne Park High SchoolSecondary · 837 m · Standards maintained
- New Level Academy1027 m
- Drayton Green Primary SchoolPrimary · 1117 m · Requires improvement
- Grange Primary SchoolPrimary · 1136 m · School remains Good
- Clifton Lodge School1145 m
- Ealing Fields Church of England High SchoolSecondary · 1151 m · Improved significantly
- Little Ealing Primary SchoolPrimary · 1161 m · School remains Good
- Ealing Independent College1172 m
- Mount Carmel Catholic Primary SchoolPrimary · 1196 m · School remains Good (Improving) - S5 Next
- University of West London1235 m
- Avenue House School1296 m
- St Joseph's Catholic Primary SchoolPrimary · 1304 m · School remains Good
- St Ann's School1365 m · School remains Outstanding
- St Mark's Primary SchoolPrimary · 1371 m · School remains Good
- Gunnersbury Catholic SchoolSecondary · 1414 m · Outstanding
- Christ the Saviour Church of England Primary SchoolPrimary · 1460 m · Good
Area context
Deprivation decile (1 is most deprived within its nation): 7 · England 2025
Recorded police incidents: 45
W13 9ER →Before you offer
Viewing checklist
Saved privately on this device
Refresh the saved facts when you return. No email alerts are sent.
Next steps
Ask a surveyor to confirm Level 2 or Level 3 after reviewing the age, condition and alterations.
Ask the conveyancer about local authority, drainage, environmental, flood and mining searches appropriate to this address.
Compare survey levels →Questions for the agent
Questions for your surveyor and conveyancer
Ask the surveyor
Which survey level covers this home’s condition, damp, cracks and any alterations?
- Uninsulated solid walls: Read the full certificate and ask about insulation and heating costs.
Ask the conveyancer
Which title, drainage and local searches are needed for this address?
Sources and licences
Contains British Geological Survey materials © UKRI 2026
Radon Potential classification UK Health Security Agency © Crown copyright 2022
© Environment Agency copyright and/or database right 2026. All rights reserved.
INSPIRE conditions · Sources and licences